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13 Further research is needed to investigate the interconnected pathophysiologic roles of glucagon, GLP-1, and GIP while determining the niche for twincretin therapy in T2DM

Obesity drives multiple healthcare costs, Onitskansky said

Unfortunately, numerous psychotropic medications can increase weight and appetite due to a variety of mechanisms, including antihistaminergic effects, direct appetite-stimulating effects, and proclivities to cause insulin resistance

Factors such as diet, physical activity, sleep quality, underlying medical conditions, other medications, and individual metabolism can all influence both side effects and overall results

Thus, initial treatment with GLP-1 RAs can result in negative effects on body composition with profound loss of muscle while treatment interruptions and treatment cycling can further exacerbate this problem 14,15,16