semaglutide fda approval mash Wegovy Receives Accelerated for Treating Emerging Role of GLP-1 Receptor

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For the past five years, our annual reports have been tracking the clinical development of new drug-based therapies for the neurodegenerative condition of Parkinsons disease (PD)

Others * Long-term metformin use * Proton pump inhibitors (reduce acid absorption) Pathophysiology * Impaired DNA synthesis megaloblastic anemia * Accumulation of methylmalonic acid nerve damage Clinical features Hematological * Fatigue, pallor * Shortness of breath * Megaloblastic anemia Neurological (key distinguishing feature) * Peripheral neuropathy (tingling, numbness) * Loss of vibration and position sense * Ataxia (unsteady gait) * Cognitive changes Severe untreated cases irreversible nerve damage Others * Glossitis (smooth, beefy red tongue) * Mild jaundice Investigations * Serum vitamin B12 * CBC macrocytic anemia ( MCV) * Blood film hypersegmented neutrophils * methylmalonic acid (specific for B12 deficiency) * homocysteine Differentiate from folate deficiency * Both megaloblastic anemia * Only B12 neurological symptoms Management Replacement therapy * Hydroxocobalamin (preferred IM) * Frequent doses initially, then maintenance * Oral B12 if mild and absorption intact Important rule Never give folate alone if B12 deficiency is possible may worsen neurological damage Prevention * Adequate diet (meat, eggs, dairy) * Supplementation in vegans * Monitor high-risk patients (elderly, post-surgery)

If you or someone you love takes medication to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), chances are you've heard of losartan

Discover how dopamine shapes our thoughts, emotions, and movements, and why unlocking its secrets could transform treatments for some of the most challenging brain disorders.