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However, the coexistence of micro and macrovascular disease is associated with the highest cardiovascular risks which highlights the importance that pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus provides not only glycemic control, but also cardiovascular safety

This article reviews the efficacy and safety of different strategies to initiate and intensify basal insulin, with focus on new fixed ratio combinations of basal insulin with GLP-1 RAs available for use in a single injection pen (insulin degludec/liraglutide and insulin glargine/lixisenatide).

Meanwhile, orforglipron demonstrated significant weight loss efficacy [8] consistent with injectable GLP-1 medicines

Methods A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD420261305875)

Objective This systematic review aims to synthesise published evidence on respiratory adverse events temporally associated with GLP-1 RA therapy in adults, characterise their patterns and severity, appraise the risk of bias using validated design-appropriate tools, describe proposed pathophysiological mechanisms, and grade the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework