glp-1 drug market share of RAs in 2016 and 2017 GLP-1 Market Size, Share |

Very common (10% of patients) Nausea peaks during titration, typically subsides within 48 weeks at a stable dose Vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation Abdominal pain or discomfort Reduced appetite (this is the therapeutic effect, not an adverse effect) Less common but serious stop and see a doctor Severe, persistent abdominal pain radiating to the back possible pancreatitis Right upper abdomen pain, fever, yellowing possible gallstones / gallbladder disease Persistent neck lump, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing evaluate thyroid Rapid heartbeat, severe dehydration from vomiting Hypoglycaemia when semaglutide is combined with insulin or sulfonylureas What the Indian data shows: a 2025 study of Indian patients found GI side effects are the leading cause of discontinuation, peaking during dose escalation

239 Liraglutide mediated a significant decrease in CV mortality whereas exenatide reduced nonfatal stroke in diabetic patients

These medications mimic or enhance the action of natural incretins and are prescribed for type 2 diabetes management and, in some cases, weight management

Reassuring clinical data are starting to accrue: two multinational population-based cohort studies found no increased risk of major congenital malformations, live births, pregnancy losses, and pregnancy terminations during the periconceptional period with GLP-1 RAs [139]

The final pellet was re-suspended in DMEM containing penicillin, streptomycin, 10% FBS, 1 g/ml insulin (Sigma), and 20 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF, Sigma)