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For preclinical in vivo models, researchers should consult species-specific pharmacokinetic data, as GIP receptor expression and GLP-1 receptor density vary across commonly used research species, which can affect dose-response relationships and translational relevance

Diabetes Care 2021;44(5):11761184

Horm Metab Res 36:755760 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Chu ZL, Carroll C, Alfonso J, Gutierrez V, He H, Lucman A, Pedraza M, Mondala H, Gao H, Bagnol D, Chen R, Jones RM, Behan DP, Leonard J 2008 A role for intestinal endocrine cell-expressed g protein-coupled receptor 119 in glycemic control by enhancing glucagon-like Peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic Peptide release

The Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes (SELECT) study was a randomized controlled trial, conducted by Novo Nordisk, which looked at rates of cardiovascular events in people who already had known heart risk and were overweight, but not diabetic

While the practice is completely legal, off-label use means that the drug is prescribed for a condition, age, group or dosage outside of its intended Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval