anxiety after cigarette Nicotine Withdrawal: Symptoms, Treatment & Side Effects Does Smoking Help With Anxiety?

They are considered safe for food. However, there have been few if any studies on the safety of heating and inhaling propylene glycol and glycerin

[21] There is "only limited evidence showing adverse respiratory and cardiovascular effects in humans", with the authors of a 2020 review calling for more long-term studies on the subject

doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz102

[74] Dosage The first factor, dosage, has been a truism since ancient times, or at least since Paracelsus who said, "Dose makes the poison." Some compounds are beneficial or pleasurable when consumed in small amounts, but harmful, deadly, or evoke discomfort in higher doses

Carbonyl compounds in electronic cigarette vapors: effects of nicotine solvent and battery output voltage