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For those smokers not using e-cigarettes at the first baseline survey, 12.9% had quit smoking at 12 months, compared with 9.5% non-daily e-cigarette users and just 8.1% daily e-cigarette users

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Persons with substance use disorder, including those with injection drug use or alcohol use should have the same HCV pretreatment screening requirements as those without a substance use disorder.[2] Abstinence Requirements Although some payers require 6 months or more of abstinence prior to HCV treatment, studies of both injection drug use and alcohol use have found no impact of duration of abstinence on the likelihood of achieving a sustained virologic response 12 weeks (SVR12) after completing DAA-based therapy.[4] Thus, there is no medical reason to ensure abstinence (for any duration) prior to HCV treatment

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The mean age was 38 years (SD=12.5, range: 1961)