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Jordan has made significant progress in improving TB and HIV treatment services, and is a low TB and HIV burden country, with a TB incidence rate of 4 per 100000 population and an HIV prevalence rate of 0.02% in the general population 14,15

The funders were not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article, or the decision to submit it for publication

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These detrimental effects are mediated by complex mechanisms, including direct hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, oncogenic signaling, and systemic metabolic disturbances