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3.4 The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is another glucose-metabolizing pathway that takes place within the cytoplasm and crucially contributes to de novo nucleotide synthesis, amino acid production, as well as the biosynthesis of fatty acids and triacylglycerol, but not to the formation of ATP (TeSlaa et al., 2023)

Keap1 is a cytoplasmic protein with a Kelch repeat domain for binding NRF2 and a BTB (Bric-a-brac, Tramtrack, Broad complex) domain for binding Cullin3 (Cul3)

Augmented Berlin-Frankfurt-Mnster therapy in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Milk exosomes and miRNA cross the placenta and promote embryo survival in mice

Non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions ( K a / K s ) ratio indicates the evolutionary history and direction of selection ( K a / K s 1 implies positive or Darwinian selection ( K a / K s ratio of all gene pairs was found to be below 1 indicating the influence of purifying selection in the evolution of glyoxalase genes among Arabidopsis , rice, soybean, and Medicago ( Table 4 )