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There are distinctive differences in the assembly and efficiency of the mitochondrial respiratory chain between neurons and astrocytes, which can impact their bioenergetic efficiency and the production of mitochondrial ROS (VicenteGutirrez, Bonora, et al

Mannes AM, Seiler A, Bosello V, Maiorino M, Conrad M

Although the intracellular generation of ROS per se is an inevitable process, cells possess numerous defense systems to counter it

Discussion In order to maintain energy and redox homeostasis under ischemia, the brain initiates intrinsic compensatory pathways, which among others comprise metabolic reprogramming strategies

In the present study, increased p62 transcriptional levels observed in untreated azoospermia may indicate disrupted autophagy, possibly due to impaired lysosomal degradation, resulting in cellular waste accumulation and increased germ cell loss 43,44,45