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Common Causes of B12 Deficiency There are many reasons for vitamin B12 deficiency

First, the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) must be physically intact so that protons can only re-enter the matrix of the mitochondrion by a process coupled to ATP synthesis

Curr Opin Pharmacol 9, 753762 (2009)

AF declares that his institution has received funding from Amicus and Sanofi-Genzyme

We found that intracellular 1-MNA and NNMT protein expression levels were substantially higher in the fully differentiated adipocytes compared to the undifferentiated pre-adipocytes, which is consistent with the differentiation-dependent enhancement in NNMT mRNA levels and enzymatic activity reported previously in the 3T3-L1 cell lines.[37] The higher levels of 1-MNA and NNMT in adipocytes compared to pre-adipocytes may partially account for our observations that increasing concentrations (10 60 M) of NNMT inhibitor did not completely eliminate 1-MNA in adipocytes, but did fully suppress 1-MNA accumulation in undifferentiated pre-adipocytes