l-carnitine and l-theanine together — Medicine Center Pharmacy Inlife Fat Burner with L-Carnitine,

doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)91602-4

& Miyadera, T

NAD+: Energy and DNA Repair NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) stands as a key coenzyme in energy metabolism

For instance, the butyrate-producing Butyribacter showed positive correlations with neuroactive metabolites L-Asparagine, while these metabolites exhibited inverse correlations with expression of neuroinflammatory genes Tbx and Arhgdib, demonstrating how tooth loss-induced depletion of Butyribacter led to reduced levels of neuroprotective metabolites (particularly L-Asparagine), which subsequently resulted in upregulation of neuroinflammatory markers (Tbx1 and Arhgdib), thereby establishing a mechanistic pathway from tooth loss to neuroinflammation through the oral-gut-brain axis (Ji et al., 2025)

MIC stands for L-methionine, inositol and choline