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Synthesis Add 96g of acetic acid to the reaction vessel, add 32g of levulinic acid to dissolve under stirring, when completely dissolved, add 61.5g of acetic anhydride, then raise the temperature to 80 constant temperature reaction for 12 hours, the reaction is completed, in a vacuum of -0.09Mpa, the temperature of 80 below the distillation of acetic acid removal, reduce the temperature to 40 , add 160g of acetone, fully stirred and dispersed for 0.5 hours, reduced temperature to 5 below precipitation of crystals, and held between 0 ~ 5 for 2 hours, filtration and separation, wash the solid with acetone, in a vacuum -0.09 Mpa, dried at 80 , that is to obtain acetyl levulinic acid 36g finished product, yield 88.9%

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Future efforts should prioritize the accumulation of high-quality clinical evidence through innovatively designed multicenter, international collaborations to achieve broader recognition from the mainstream medical community

GHK-Cu is discussed here in the context of published research, clinical trials, and user-reported observations

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