is kb glutathione effective Evaluating Oral Plus Ascorbic Acid, Alpha-lipoic Acid, and Zinc Aspartate as a Skin-lightening Agent: An Indonesian Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial Medicube Age-R Glutathione Glow Capsule
Description
2024 doi: 10.1038/s41580-024-00703-5

As to the pain "going in" it may be that the needle caught a nerve or vein plus the fact that you were probably a little tense and nervous

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Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao 25 (8), 951954

In some cases, a muscle spasm can be prevented or stopped before it occurs